- Adnexal Clear Cell Carcinoma with Comedonecrosis: A Case Report.
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Seo Hee Kim, Sun Hee Han, Jung Suk An, Ju Han Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Heum Rye Park, Young Sik Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(1):92-96.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.1.92
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- Adnexal clear cell carcinoma with comedonecrosis (ACCCC) is a very rare malignancy of the skin with an aggressive clinical course and a predilection for the scalp. This is the first reported case of ACCCC in Korea. A 79-year-old male presented with left abdominal masses that proved to be two subcutaneous nodules. The tumors histologically consisted of epithelial nests that showed a distinctive zonal arrangement. The centrally located clear cell areas with comedonecroses were merged with the peripheral squamoid cells, often exhibiting retraction artifacts and an infiltrating border. Nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitoses were prominent. The clear cells were immunopositive for carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. We report here on a case of ACCCC involving the abdominal skin, and this tumor should be distinguished from the more indolent squamous cell and tricholemmal carcinomas.
- Expression of p16, Rb and FHIT Proteins in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder.
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Sun Hee Han, Ju Han Lee, Seo Hee Kim, Jungsuk An, Eung Seok Lee, Young Sik Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(5):294-298.
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- BACKGROUND
The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of p16, retinoblastoma (Rb) and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) proteins in urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder, and to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathlogic parameters and each protein expression level. METHODS: The expression of p16, Rb, and FHIT proteins were studied in 176 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The diffuse positive expression of the p16 protein was significantly associated with high grade and advanced tumor depth (p=0.007 and p=0.020). The loss of the Rb protein was significantly associated with old age and disease recurrence (p=0.020 and 0.037). The loss of the FHIT protein was significantly associated with advanced tumor depth (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that p16 and FHIT proteins may be involved in the progression of urothelial carcinoma. In addition, p16 may be a useful prognostic marker for individual urothelial carcinoma patients.
- Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report.
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Hyunchul Kim, Ju Han Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Soon Young Kwon, Taik Kun Kim, Young Sik Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):193-197.
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- Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma (SMEC) is a very rare tumor of the salivary gland. There have been eight cases of SMEC reported in the medical literature; this is the first reported case in Korea. A 51-year-old woman presented with a right infra-auricular mass that she had for 3 years. We performed superficial parotidectomy. Grossly, the resected parotid gland showed a well-circumscribed firm mass.
Histologically, the tumor consisted of central solid or ductal tumor nests within a dense fibrous stroma surrounded by peripheral lymphoid infiltration. The tumor nests were composed of squamous, intermediate and mucin-secreting cells. However, the tumor cells lacked mitosis and nuclear anaplasia. The lymphoid cells were mostly composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells with occasional eosinophils and neutrophils. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for high- and low- molecular weight cytokeratins, cytokeratin 7, p16INK4A, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. The patient also underwent radiation therapy. We report here on a case of SMEC of the parotid gland along with the immunohistochemical characteristics, and we review the relevant literature.
- Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the Nasal Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
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Jung Suk An, Sun Hee Han, Ju Han Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Heum Rye Park, Young Sik Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):241-244.
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- Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign and self-limiting non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis that generally occurs during infancy and childhood. It develops frequently in the head and neck but is very rare in the nasal cavity. To date, only five cases of JXG in the nasal cavity have been reported. Here, we report the second case of JXG in the nasal cavity in Korea. A 19-year-old male patient presented with a protruding 1.1 cm mass in the left nasal vestibule.
Histologically, a dense dermal infiltrate of histiocytes with Touton giant cells was observed. Immunohistochemically, the histiocytes tested positive for CD68 and the S-100 protein but negative for CD1a. This shows that a S-100-positive histiocytic lesion dose not exclude a diagnosis of JXG.
- Comparative Analysis of Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin in Normal Population and Patients with Different Types of Cancer.
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Bum Joon Kim, Young Sik Kim, Eun Mee Han, Eung Seok Lee, Nam Hee Won, Geung Hwan Ahn, Dale Lee, Bom Woo Yeom
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Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(5):306-310.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum protein of innate immunity. Its genetic mutations lead to deficiency of serum MBL and recurrent pyogenic infection in childhood.
However, little is known about the frequency of its gene mutations or serum levels in Korean population and patients with cancers.
METHODS
We studied the mutational genotypes of MBL exon 1 codon 52, 54, and 57 or serum MBL levels from 102 normal adults and 228 cases of breast, stomach, colon, uterine cervical, and lung cancers by allele-specific PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
MBL gene mutations were found in 32 of 102 normal adults (31.4%), and were restricted only to exon 1 codon 54 showing homozygous (n=5, 4.9%) or heterozygous mutations (n=27, 26.5%). Mean and median serum MBL in the patients with cancers were increased (2,647+/-1,742 and 2,915 ng/mL, mean+/-S.D. and median) than those of normal adults (1,906+/-1,359 and 1,758 ng/mL). Serum MBL level was significantly increased in the patients with stomach, uterine cervical, colon, and lung cancers.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that the frequency and pattern of MBL gene mutations and its serum level is very similar among northeastern Asian populations. In addition, MBL might be involved in an immunologic response against common cancers, although further studies are needed.
- Quantitative Nuclear Characteristics of Lung Cancer Cells Using Image Analysis.
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Moon Kyoung Kim, Chung Yeul Kim, Woon Yong Jeong, Ji Hye Lee, Eung Seok Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Young Sik Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, In Sun Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(2):115-120.
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- BACKGROUND
The usefulness of quantitative nuclear image analysis in the classification of lung carcinoma is widely investigated and published. In this study, we tried to measure the nuclear characteristics of primary lung carcinomas by image analysis and to find the possibility of differential diagnoses.
METHODS
Seventeen cases of adenocarcinomas (not including bronchioloalveolar carcinoma), seven of bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, eight of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, five of small cell carcinamas, and 26 of squamous cell carcinomas were analysed. Three different images of each case were captured by digital camera, and we analyzed the nuclear area, perimeter, circularity, and density using the Optimas 6.5 Image Analyser software package. Statistical analyses were done using the statistical program STATISTICA kernel release 5.5.
RESULTS
The mean nuclear area was 0.52+/-0.25micrometer2 in the adenocarcinomas, 0.50+/-1.82micrometer2 in the squamous cell carcinomas, 0.45+/-0.20micrometer2 in the large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 0.42+/-0.16micrometer2 in the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and 0.31+/-0.12micrometer2 in the small cell carcinamas. The nuclear area was significantly different between the small cell carcinomas and the non-small cell carcinomas (p<0.01) and between the adenocarcinomas and the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (p=0.02). The mean nuclear perimeter was 3.36+/-0.92micrometer2 in the adenocarcinomas, 3.24+/-0.67micrometer2 in the squamous cell carcinomas, 3.16+/-0.82micrometer2 in the large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 3.05+/-0.80micrometer2 in the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and 2.54+/-0.62micrometer2 in the small cell carcinamas. The nuclear perimeter was significantly different between the small cell carcinomas and the non-small cell carcinomas (p<0.04). The nuclear circularity showed no statistical difference. Nuclear density was the highest in the squamous cell carcinomas, and the lowest in the small cell carcinomas. The large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas showed the lowest standard deviation in nuclear density.
CONCLUSION
The analysis of nuclear characteristics using an image analyser can be used as an objective method in the classification of lung carcinoma.
- Study of Microsatellite Alterations of 3p and 11q Chromosomes in Uterine Cervical Adenocarcinoma.
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Eung Seok Lee, Hye Jin Jeong, Hee Jeoung Kim, Insun Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(2):137-143.
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- BACKGROUND
Uterine cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Korean women, and the incidence of adenocarcinoma has been increasing. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis is used to identify regions which harbor a putative tumor suppressor gene.
METHODS
DNA was extracted from the microdissected normal and malignant lesions of 34 uterine cervical adenocarcinomas, 2 adenosquamous cell carcinomas, 13 squamous cell carcinomas, and 10 endometrial adenocarcinomas. LOH and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis were performed using microsatellite markers, D3S4103 (3p14.2), D3S1284 (3p12), D3S1289 (3p21.2-21.1), D3S1307 (3p25-ter), THRB (3p22-24.1), and D11S35 (11q22).
The expression of Fhit protein was compared with the genetic abnormalities.
RESULTS
Microsatellite alterations at 3p were detected in 37% of cervical adenocarcinomas, 16% of squamous cell carcinomas, and 43% of endometrial adenocarcinomas. The alterations of 11q were found in 17% of cervical adenocarcinomas. Microsatellite alterations of D3S1307 and D11S35 were detected in uterine cervical adenocarcinomas with high frequency. The frequency of FHIT protein loss is higher in the cervical squamous cell carcinoma than in cervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas.
CONCLUSION
Tumor suppressor gene of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma may be located in 3p25-ter and 11q22.
- Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in the inflammatory and neoplastic uterine cervical lesions.
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Hye Jin Jeong, Eung Seok Lee, Zhen Hua Lin, Seol Hee Park, In Sun Kim, Jae Sung Kang
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Korean J Cytopathol. 2001;12(2):73-80.
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- The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in the uterine cervix was investigated to define the possible etiologic role in cervical carcinogenesis. The viral genotyping and LMP-1 30bp deletion were also studied. The materials included 169 uterine cervical swabs(152 within normal limits, 12 atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance, 3 low grade intraepithelial lesions, and 2 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and 104 uterine cervical tissues obtained from hysterectomy specimens(32 carcinoma in situ, 9 microinvasive squamous cell carcinomas, 37 invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 7 adenocarcinomas, 7 adenosquamous carcinomas, and 12 cervicitis). EBV detected by PCR for EBNA-1 was positive in 52(56.5%) of 92 invasive and noninvasive cervical carcinomas, and 80(48.8%) of 164 inflammatory or normal cervices. The viruses detected in carcinomas were all type A, and LMP-1 30bp deletion form was more frequent in premalignant and malignant cervical lesions than in nonneoplastic cervices. From the above results, it may be concluded that EBV is one of common viruses detected in uterine cervix of Korean women, and type A virus and LMP-1 30bp deletion form may have a role in cervical carcinogenesis.
- A Study of Correlation between Stage and Angiogenesis f Uterine Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
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Eung Seok Lee, In Sun Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(4):283-289.
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- A variety of malignant neoplasms have been shown to induce neovascularization, and in some cases the degree of vascularization appears to correlate with an aggressive behavior and risk of metastasis. We compared the degree of vascularization in 11 benign and 33 cancerous lesions of the cervix. The microvessels were identified by immunohistochemistry using antibody to Factor VIII-related antigen in 44 hystrectomy specimens. Three highly vascularized microscopic fields were selected and counted the number of microvessels in 400 magnification. The proportion of the endothelial cell area was also quantified by using the CAS 200 image analysis system. All 33 cases of carcinomas demonstrated a significantly higher microvessel count and an endothelial cell area than those of the benign lesions (p<0.01). There were no significant difference in microvessel count and endothelial cell area among carcinoma in situ, microinvasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma (p>0.05). Microvessel count and an endothelial cell area in invasive cancers were not correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, or histologic type (p>0.05).This study showed cervical cancer induces neovascularization in an early stage but it is difficult to predict prognosis and metastasis with microvessel count and an endothelial cell area.
- The Usefulness of Cytokeratin 7 and Colon Ovarian Tumor Antigen in the Differential Diagnosis of Primary and Metastatic Ovarian Tumors.
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Eung Seok Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, In Sun Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(3):201-207.
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- Cytokeratin 7 has been known to be present in various types of human epithelial cells including the ovarian neoplasms, but not in colon cancers. The antibody to colon ovarian tumor antigen (COTA) has been introduced as a marker of colon and ovarian tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cytokeratin 7 and COTA in the differential diagnosis between ovarian primary and metastatic tumors. Nineteen primary ovarian epithelial tumors, seven metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the stomach, three metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the colon, one mucinous tumor of the ovary associated with a mucinous tumor of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei, and nineteen colonic and twenty gastric adenocarcinomas were stained with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin 7 and COTA. The results are summerized as follows; In the primary ovarian tumors, 94.4% were positive for cytokeratin 7 and 50% were positive for COTA. In the primary colonic adenocarcinomas, 94.7% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 68% were positive for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the colonic adenocarcinomas, 100% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and positive for COTA. In the primary gastric adenocarcinomas, 40% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 85% were negative for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the gastric adenocarcinomas, 43% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 14% were negative for COTA. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic colonic carcinomas, positive reaction for cytokeratin 7 suggests a primary ovarian tumor but a negative reaction for cytokeratin 7 and positive reaction for COTA suggest metastatic colonic carcinomas. The results of this study also reveal that cytokeratin 7 and COTA are not useful in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic gastric carcinomas.
- Mucinous Tumors of the Appendix Associated with Mucinous Tumors of the Ovary and Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 5 Cases Supporting an Appendiceal Origin.
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Eung Seok Lee, Han Kyeom Kim, In Sun Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(2):131-137.
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- Pseudomyxoma peritonei often have synchronous appendiceal and ovarian mucinous tumors. There has been considerable debate as to whether the ovarian tumors are secondary to the appendiceal tumor or they are independent primary ovarian tumors. It is important to reveal the primary site for treatment and prognosis of a patient. Five cases of synchronous mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix were studied. Four cases had pseudomyxoma peritonei and pseudomyxoma ovarii. The ovarian tumors were bilateral in two cases, right in two, and left in one. The ovarian tumors were four mucinous cystadenoma of borderine malignancy and one mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and the appendiceal tumors consisted of four mucinous tumors of borderline malignancy and one mucinous adenocarcinoma. The histology of the ovarian and appendiceal tumors was similar. Rupture of the tumor was seen in all appendiceal tumors and two ovarian tumors. It has been reported that cytokeratin 7 is a useful marker for distinguishing primary ovarian neoplasms from metastases of intestinal origin. All ovarian and appendiceal tumors showed positive reaction for broad-spectrum cytokeratin, but negative for cytokeratin 7. Based on the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features, it should be considered that the appendiceal tumors are primary and ovarian tumors are secondary in the synchronous presentation of the ovarian and appendiceal mucinous tumors.
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